- Diffuse inflammation and ulceration of the mucosal wall of the large intestines and rectum
- Starts in the rectosigmoid area and spreads upward
- There is a significant relationship between ulcerative colitis of more than 10 years and colon cancer
- Etiology: unknown but relates to infection, autoimmune, stress, allergies and familial history of the disease
- Inflammation starts at the rectosigmoid area and spreads to proximally to cecum
- Due to inflammation edema and thickening of the mucosa occurs
- Abscess develops leading to bleeding, and purulent discharges. Colon become necrotic and scaring form impairing its functions
- Clinical Manifestation
- Crampy, abdominal pain
- Diarrhea with blood and mucous, may hay pus
- Weight loss
- Anorexia, nausea, vomiting
- Often LLQ pain
- Abdominal distention
- Weakness
- Low grade fever
- Signs of dehydration
- Diagnostics
- Proctosigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy
- Barium enema
- Management
- Medications same in Crohn’s disease
- Surgery:
- Colectomy and colostomy
- Proctocolectomy
- Ileostomy
- Ileoanal anastomosis
- Nursing Management:
- High protein, high calorie, low residue diet with no milk products and gas forming foods
- Weight daily and monitor kcal counts
- Record number and characteristic of stool
- Promote rest and comfort
- Maintain skin integrity and provide skin care
- Minimize and prevent stress as possible
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